The Daylily as Art - Part 7 The Plant

The Daylily as Art

Hemerocallis fulva 'Korean' (left) and Autumn Red (right)

Influences on Plant and Flower Aesthetics from Nature, the Arts, Fashion and Pop Culture

Part 7 - The Plant

We now turn from the aesthetics of the flower and to the aesthetics of the plant itself. In this post we will look at the plant - its foliage, the shape the foliage makes in a clump, its foliage behavior and durability, its scapes, branches and buds, and finally its flowers in terms of size and carriage on the plant. My aesthetic in regard to the plant is influenced most strongly by nature.

The Plant

Daylily plant (center) Solaris Symmetry after hard late-spring freeze showing excellent frost resistance

Too many times, we think only of the flowers. They are, after all, the most stunning, eye-catching and memorable part of the daylily, but the flowers only span a short period of time during each year. The plant though, it is with us for much longer. We look at the plants from the time they emerge in the spring until they go down in the late fall, for the senescent foliage types that go into some kind of dormancy in the winter, while the perpetual growing types that are considered evergreen or 'semi-evergreen' are with most of us year-round, except where deep winter snow covers them and freezes them off to the ground. However, even at that, we far too often don't think much about the plant itself beyond whether it is 'a dormant' or 'an evergreen'.

But what if the daylily plant didn't flower? Are any of them pretty enough plants that you would grow them only for their foliage? Mike Huben told me that when training new daylily judges he tells them to imagine they were growing the daylily for its foliage only and that they would even want to cut off the bloom scape in that situation to preserve the beauty of the foliage. I think that is a great training tool in judging the plant, because in that situation, I suspect most of use would throw out most of our daylilies. We far too often let too much unattractiveness with the plant and its foliage slide because we've been hypnotized by the flowers or think that "only the flower matters" (OTFM).

I have always grown daylilies as foliage plants and considered their foliage when placing them in decorative gardens. Some of them have remarkably pretty foliage and I have long used them as a substitute for ornamental grasses in the landscape, with the added benefit that they will also flower for a time each summer. By having used daylilies in this way for many years, I have long looked closely at foliage and thought about what I did or didn't like in daylily foliage. I have observed that various daylily foliage looks more like some types of grasses than others and that there is considerable variation in the visual presentation of the foliage of various daylilies. 

Ideally, my very favorite style of daylily foliage is dark green and forms a thick mound of foliage that makes a full, rounded effect with gracefully curved foliage without wide gaps within the clump and with no foliage falling out of the main rounded form. To me, this looks like some of the fuller and more attractive ornamental grass and grass-like plants such as Liriope or Miscanthus. Ideally, such daylily plants will have foliage that holds up to late freezes in spring, has strong disease and pest resistance and holds up in good shape and form throughout the growing season and late into the fall, either going into full dormancy or, if evergreen, not turning into a mound of mush and slime. However, we don't live in a perfect world and in our imperfect reality, there are variations I can live with and some variations I actually like, or at least have learned to like or at the very least, have learned how to use in the landscape and to appreciate when they are combined with the right flower type.

There are many variations in daylily foliage. There are variations in the shade of green of the leaves with plants ranging from near-yellow chartreuse to grass green to dark forest green, while others can show a distinct bluish hue. There are variations in the width and texture of the leaves. Some have very narrow leaves, some very wide. Some plants show ruffles on the edges of the leaves while others are very smooth and tailored. Some plants have tall foliage that stands up and arcs over making a graceful vase effect, while some show leaves that stand straight up like yucca foliage without arching over, while others cascade over making a beautiful waterfall effect especially where the leaves have some ruffling. Some plants show low foliage near the ground. Some plants are very small with narrow fans while others become massive with fans that are very wide. Some make very full clumps without gaps, while others are loose and fall askew showing the ground in areas when looked down upon. 

As Hemerocallis and Hosta are closely related, I suspect that many of the phenotypes seen in non-variegated Hosta are achievable in Hemerocallis - black-green leaves, blue leaves, gold leaves, yellow leaves, glossy leaves, matt-powdered leaves, wide leaves, textured leaves, heavily ruffled leaves, etc. We don't see these variations being exploited, but that doesn't mean they couldn't be.

While I have already described above the one main type I look for the most, there are other types I also like. For instance, Hemerocallis fulva 'Korean' has very chartreuse-near golden foliage in the early part of the growing season and this is quite attractive to me. Substantial Evidence also shows this coloring in the new foliage and Frans Hals shows a light foliage color that is a couple of shades darker, somewhere between chartreuse and grass-green, perhaps 'apple-green', and the clump is well shaped and attractive showing a look much like yucca foliage with slight bends or arches to the ends of some of the leaves. Hemerocallis vespertina has tall foliage that cascades over making a large clump and shows distinct ruffles to the leaves with a nice dark green coloring, which I find to be a nice combination and quite attractive. 

Substantial Evidence (center clump) showing nice clump form

Frans Hals in spring after a hard late-spring freeze showing its resilience to frost

A seedling I produced from Implausibility x Bali Watercolor is a massive plant with mostly upright foliage of a grass-green tone that produces massive fans and makes a tight clump that is the largest daylily plant I have ever grown. 

Seedling - Implausibility x Bali Watercolor - scapes over five feet, often up to six feet with a plant at or slightly over three feet. It is massive, the largest plant I have every grown and is extremely impressive.

Some spider types show foliage much like their flowers, weird and twisted and askew, falling open from the center without distinct form, and while I don't like that foliage generally with a really weird, cascading flower on a weird askew scape, this foliage makes a complete theme that seems appropriate and 'of a piece'. 

Aldersgate showing the weird, askew foliage and scape that quite matches the strange, cascading spider flower

There are many ornamental grasses, and many of them look remarkably like some of the types of daylily foliage, but as much as I draw my natural, aesthetic influences in daylily foliage from various species of grass, I also draw influence from some of the daylily species. I have already mentioned Hemerocallis fulva 'Korean' and Hemerocallis vespertina. Both have attractive foliage, as do many of the clones of Hemerocallis citrina. Hemerocallis altissima shows the yucca-like foliage that we see in some hybrid cultivars, though I like this foliage less than the more cascade/waterfall types.

Back left - H. citrina clone | Center right - H. vespertina | Front center - Flourish of Trumpets showing foliage similar to H. vespertina but slightly lighter in color.

The grasses that influence my aesthetic in daylily foliage include many diverse types including silver spikegrass, lemongrass, India grass, Gamma grass, Fakahatchee grass, several of the Carex species, Mexican Feather grass, various Miscanthus (Maiden grass) and other grass-like plants such as Liriope, Yucca and some Iris foliage, especially I. sibirica.

Lemongrass

Liriope muscari

India Grass

Carex morrowii

There is much diversity in the foliage of the daylily, and much potential for further development and utility within that diversity, but as long as OTFM, the foliage is likely to remain just an after-thought, an also-ran in comparison to the all-important flower. For my part, I can't ignore the foliage. The plant is the base that displays and frames the flower. A gorgeous flower on a hideous plant reminds me of an original Picasso displayed in a frame from a big box store.

Many people do pay attention to the behavior of foliage in the winter, with "dormant" foliage types being highly valued in northern gardens and "evergreen" types being greatly valued in the south. The "dormant" types are often held in suspicion by those in the south, while northerners tend to hold  "evergreen" types in suspicion. There is some basis for all these beliefs, but they are not absolutes, as they are so often portrayed. It is true that many "dormant" types show superior performance in the north and fail in the south, while many "evergreen" types show superior performance in the south and fail in the north, but these experience are not to be mistaken for laws or facts. Some "evergreen" types excel in the north, while some "dormant" types grow well even in the far south.

My own garden falls in zone 6/7 and so many things will do well here. However, many tender evergreen types either have little late-frost tolerance or cannot survive in my often snow-free winters with many temperature extremes in any given winter, however, those evergreen types that are hardy and show frost tolerance do well. The dormant types tend to all do well here, though they are not all frost tolerant. Having grown many evergreen types for years here, I have weeded out those that don't work in my garden's climate and have found those that do. In my current breeding, I am not attempting to focus on one foliage type over another. 

In the past, I did try to focus on a "dormant-only" program, but I have found that other points are more important to me and that if I work from those evergreen types that are hardy here and frost-tolerant and integrate them with dormant types, I am able to create both dormant types and hardy, frost tolerant evergreen types. I hope to produce plants with beautiful foliage that show hardiness and late-frost tolerance regardless of their foliage type. I don't mean to imply that I expect for every introduction to be hardy in every zone of the North American continent, but I do hope to produce individual plants that are suitable for a wide range of zones - some lines more focused on warm-winter zones and some lines more focused on cold-winter zones with some overlap between those lines. For this reason, I am using both foliage types, with some lines more focused one way and other more focused the other, with many of them a blending of both and producing descendants that can show either foliage type. I do want to produce plants that can flourish in a wide range of environments, but I know that not every plant can do that.

Scapes, Branches and Buds

A well-branched and nicely budded seedling (Great White x Custard Candy)

The scape, especially in terms of branches and bud count, are probably the main thing people think of when they think of "plant traits". And why shouldn't they be? They are directly related to the flower. They really don't have anything to do with the qualities of the plant itself, and they are an unattractive nuisance to be removed when the flowering is finished (and the pods are gathered if you are breeding), but they add or detract from the overall presentation of the flower, and play a big role in determining how many of those flowers we get.

Large numbers of branches and buds are popular fetishes and other than "dormant" foliage are the only plant traits that I am aware of that are fetishized at a level near that of the flowers. I will freely admit that I am just as drawn to multi-branching and high bud count as anyone. I am fully obsessed with tall scapes that are so branched they look like trees and with many, many buds. My aesthetic for the scape and its branches is drawn from nature, from certain daylily species (especially H. vespertina) as well as from the general shapes of many bushes and trees, and further, in the Fibonacci sequence and Mandelbrot patterns as seen in the branching of trees specifically, and in many, many other natural patterns, generally. However, I also recognize that not all daylilies need this level of branching.

Fibonacci sequence in tree branches - in daylilies, we often hear branches similar to this pattern called 'candelabra branching' 

Mandelbrot pattern sequence

Certain daylilies may have few or even no branches and still present a very pleasing display. For instance, daylilies that rebloom with great regularity may have little need for heavy branching or high bud counts, and the same may be the case for daylilies that produce particularly high scape-to-fan ratios. Another instance where fewer branches can work well is when the flowers are held just above the foliage. To me, where many branches are most necessary is on daylilies with tall scapes where the flowers are held well above the foliage.

Spider Man is an excellent cultivar that has low branch count and moderate bud count, but high scape-to-fan ratio with scapes held just above the foliage creating a profusion of flowers, a nicely balanced appearance and an excellent garden display.

Spider Man in full flower can produce a bouquet effect without the necessity of high branch count. In my garden, this cultivar gives a full month of bouquet-like display and is one of the best cultivars for the early to early-mid season.

Tall cultivars, such as Pack Hunter, with scapes well above the foliage, make a better display when they show multi-branching, to my eye. The multiple branches allow these tall cultivars to also present a bouquet-like effect.

Bud count is much the same as for branching, in that those cultivars that show reliable rebloom or high scape-to-fan ratio do not need as many buds as those cultivars without reblooming traits or with lower scape-to-fan ratio. The goal, for me, is to produce an over-all pleasing effect in the garden, so a long period of flowers and a good number of flowers open each day are both desirable traits to have. How you get there exactly though can be by different paths and may depend on other traits, such as the height of the scapes, scape density or the presence or absence of rebloom as well as the consistency of this trait.

I will say that, as with branching, I like a lot of buds - as many as possible. However, I don't like high branch number if those branches are close and poorly spaced causing the open flowers to be jammed together and on top of each other. Well-spaced branching is a must. As well for buds, many buds are nice, but if the sequence of opening is not well-spaced, we can see an unattractive "traffic jam" with flowers obscuring each other. So all things must occur in a proper fashion to actually be useful. 

Another consideration is that branching and bud count, while heritable, is also heavily influenced by the environment and condition of the plant. Many well-branched or highly budded cultivars must be mature clumps (two or more years of growth in place) to produce the proper number of branches and/or buds. Some cultivars will not produce the numbers of branches or buds seen in their home garden of origin or in greenhouses, when grown in other gardens in different climatic zone or environments (or just in the outdoor garden instead of a greenhouse). Even in the same garden with the exact same care from year to year scape height, branching and bud count can vary depending on environmental conditions in any given year. 

The final point I want to touch on in regard to the scape is height. For me, I like all scape heights. I find uses for all types, from short border types to very tall types up to six feet or more, and I like every height in between. However, my favorite range is between 36" up to about 60", with 48" seeming perfect to me - with one big caveat - I don't like scapes of any height that fall over. As I have said previously, the shorter types work well with fewer branches, especially when they have a high scape-to-fan ratio or rebloom and the taller forms seem better to my eye with more branches, even if they do rebloom and/or have a high scape-to-fan ratio. The key with the taller types for me is that the branches don't fall over, are well-spaced and the flowers are presented well on the branches so as not to be jammed together and cause their individual beauty to be obscured.

Flower Size and Carriage

Daylilies display a wide range of flower sizes from tiny, mini flowers only a couple of inches in size up to giant flowers of twelve inches or more. Most cultivars show flowers that are more in the middle of that range usually between four to six inches. The species flowers tend to be a bit smaller, most in the two to four inch range. A major focus of hybridizing since the beginning has been toward increasing flower size, which has obviously been quite successful as there are many cultivars that display flowers larger than any of the species.

I like all sizes of daylily flowers. Each size has its own niche in the garden, its own unique character and its own beauty. Small flowers are like little butterflies, while the giant flowers are like some mythical flower from a fairy tale. The small and mid-sized flowers are the backbone of the garden, while the giant flowers provide a lovely accent point.

However, in practical terms, they are not all created equally. As with any extreme, the large flowers, while amazing, breathtaking and gorgeous, create certain problems in management that the smaller flowers do not tend to have. The most obvious is that the large flowers, when they wilt, tend to make a big, sloppy, wet, sticky mess that has to be removed every day in order to keep the display looking neat and to keep those wilted monsters from sealing the new flowers shut. In my experience, I like to have a few giant flowers about as accents and for interest, but they are not something I focus on. I am glad that others are focusing on them and would never suggest that they shouldn't but they aren't my focus in spite of my having a few and breeding from some of them.

Megatron

You see, I just don't like to spend a lot of time deadheading wilted flowers, and I suspect that many other people, especially busy people who just want to grow some nice flowers in their yard, will feel the same way. Not all smaller flowers will wilt and self-clean or become inconspicuous, but they won't create the mess that the giants usually make.

For me, my very favorite flower size are medium to small, usually in the 2" to 4" or 5" range. I like flowers up to 6" and as I said, I have some much larger, but I prefer that the bulk be medium to small and self-cleaning enough to not require extensive deadheading. True self-cleaning individuals are very special, to me. I also find that the small to medium flowers have the best effect in the landscape, especially for mass-plantings and as colorful background fill, while the large flowers work best as an individual planting or as an accent point.

Ancient Elf

My main influence for these smaller to medium flowers is from the species daylilies themselves. The smaller flowers also remind me of small-flowered orchids or a kaleidoscope of butterflies. I prefer smaller flowers on both tall scapes with lots of buds and branches (tall and small) as well as on short scapes with rebloom. I prefer medium sized flowers on medium to tall scapes, and large flowers on medium to tall scapes. I don't care for large flowers on small scapes, though, generally.

Hemerocallis citrina

Flower placement is an often overlooked point, but it can be very important. Above I discussed flower placement in terms of branches being well-spaced and not crowding the open flowers together. That is an important point, but ideal flower placement can also involve the angle of the flower. For instance, do the flowers face outward on the scape or do they face upward. There are situations where each is useful. For short cultivars, upward faced flowers can be very attractive, but they may not be on tall-scaped plants. On tall plants, outward facing flowers are most desirable. However, with some of the newer sculpted types such as pleating, upward facing flowers can be very attractive and create an iris-like effect. On short cultivars, outward facing blooms can be less attractive than more upward faced flowers. It all depends on the flower, the scape height and the effect you are looking to achieve based in where and how you will be growing them. I like both types and find uses for both.

An upward facing flower on Love Comforts the Soul

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Next - The final installment of this series...

Seed Accessions 2010 & 2011

Seed Accessions 
of

2010 and 2011

I had been growing daylilies since the early 1970's, almost 40 years, when I decided to start seriously breeding them seriously in 2010. I had dabbled at breeding daylilies before, mainly with crosses involving Stella De Oro, but my work with poultry had consumed my time and kept me from ever getting actively involved (read that - 'obsessed') with daylily breeding. 

This list is of all the seeds I purchase in the fall of 2010 through the spring of 2011, as well as seeds I was gifted by Mike Huben. This was the beginning of my breeding program, though much material in the form of plants (introductions and seedlings) has been added from 2010 to present and I had quite a few plants, some of which have made it into my breeding program, that date from before 2010, some going all the way back to my childhood (Frans Hals, Stella De Oro, etc.).

I want to document this original seed accession as I will be introducing plants deriving from this group of seeds, as well as things from my own crosses, and I think it will be interesting to have the original accession to compare to the actual introductions, just to give some idea of the accession-to-introduction ratio, as well as to discuss why the introductions were chosen, why other things were bred from but not introduced and finally, why things were culled that neither made it into my breeding program or to introduction.

Almost all of these seeds were of diploids. Even though I somewhat prefer tetraploids and am constantly moving my breeding focus in that direction, I chose to focus on diploids in 2010 for numerous reasons. First, I wanted to take some time to get a feel for the heritability of various phenotypes and that is easier to gauge (for me at least) at the diploid level. Second, I wanted to experiment with a wide range of different phenotypes and family lines within the daylily gene pool to get a feel for what types matched my interests most closely. Third, diploid seeds were more available and much less expensive. I felt that when it came to tetraploid breeding, I would much rather buy the plants, grow and test them in my own garden and then generate my own seeds and proceed, patiently, from there, rather than invest large sums of money into seeds from cultivars I knew nothing about other than a (perhaps questionably photoshopped) picture. Fourth, there were a handful of diploid cultivars/phenotypes that seemed to be much more highly developed in the diploids than in the tetraploids at that time (Mahieu cultivars, Norris cultivars, Carpenter cultivars, etc.) and so to work with those, I needed to go with diploids, and anything that turned out good from the other diploid seeds could be used with any good plants from these types.

I did make a couple of purchases of tetraploid seeds that I got inexpensively, including one large bulk lot, which gave me a tiny window into a good number of fancy southern tetraploids, but I have kept very few individuals from that group. I will mark the tetraploid accessions by highlighting them in blue in the list below. You will note though they they are by far the minority of the overall accession.

There are 223 different crosses represented in the list below for a total of approximately 3455 seeds. I had good germination on most accessions and germinated an estimated 2,953 seedlings. 

The years spanning from 2010 to 2016 have been a testing and research-and-development phase during which time I have sought to find individual plants and/or family lines that express, and have breeding value for, the traits I desire to work with, both in terms of phenotype and performance. I find my self now, as 2016 comes to an end, being in the position where I know what main lines I will move forward with. I consider this then to be the beginning of my actual breeding program. I now have my breeding base and will begin to move forward.

That forward movement will be almost entirely with tetraploids, though I will continue onward with a few of the most interesting diploid lines I have been working with. Because I am to be breeding fewer diploid lines, the bulk of my introductions at the beginning will be the best of the diploid seedlings I have raised over these last years, as I now begin to work with the tetraploid base I have bred up. In this way, it is my aim to get excellent plants with good breeding value into commerce and into the hands of diploid aficionados and breeders who can make good use of them in their own breeding programs.

To that end, it seemed a good place to start would be this accession list from the very beginning of my program. As I make introductions I will be discussing the lines I have chosen to work with and why, both to document where I began and to illustrate a program of testing and selection leading to the beginning of breeding lines and introductions.

Seed Accessions – Fall/Winter 2010 through Winter/Spring 2011

*Entries marked in blue are tetraploid seed accessions
*Entries marked in green were gifted seeds from Mike Huben from his 2010 breeding season

1.    Apophis x Black Armadillo – D – 178 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

2.    (Apophis x Volcan Fuego) X Brushed By Bluebirds (Se) – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

3.    (Apophis x Brushed By Bluebirds) X Hooded Cobra – D – 10 seeds {(Dorm x Sev) X Dorm)}

4.    Apophis X (H. sempervirens x Volcan Fuego) – D – 25 seeds {(Dorm X (Evg x Dorm)}

5.    Lavender Baby Blue x Apophis – D – 47 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

6.    Snowflake Empress x Apophis – D – 20 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

7.    (Great White x Mask of Eternity) X Event Horizon – T x D (ug) – 12 seeds (None Fertile)

8.    Bluegrass Music x Doyle Pierce – T – 10 seeds (Sev x Sev)

9.    H. hakuunensis x Tigereye Spider – D – 21 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

10. Reuther’s Brown Spider x Big Ross – D – 18 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

11. Reuther’s Brown Spider x Orchid Corsage – D – 8 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

12. Old Termite x Smoke Scream – D – 8 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

13. Memories of Oz x Kermit’s Scream – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

14. Mardi Gras Beads x unk – T – 8 seeds (Dorm x_)

15. Clarity of Vision x Unk – T – 7 seeds (Dorm x_)

16. Clouds of White x unk – D – 6 seeds (Dorm x_)

17. Infinite Blue x unk – T – 3 seeds (Sev x_)

18. Sweeping Shadows x unk – 11 seeds (Sev x_)

19. Rock Solid x unk – T – 8 seeds (Dorm x_)

20. Hint of Blue x Kermit’s Scream – D – 12 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

21. Pizza Crust x Memorial To Steve – T – 8 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

22. Memorial To Steve x Free Tibet – T – 8 seeds (Sev x Sev)

23. Malachite Prism x Volcan Fuego – D – 23 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

24. Baitoushan x Snake In The Grass Boo – D – 12 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

25. Tis Midnight x Chaco Canyon – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

26. American Revolution x Scandinavia – D – 23 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

27. Challenger x Lucky Streak – D – 30 seeds (Evg x Sev)

28. Tigereye Spider x Chasing Butterflies – D- 14 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

29. Bagana x Beware The Wizard – D – 12 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

30. Memories of Oz x Kermit’s Scream – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

31. Pendergriff Lavender Gingham x Kermit’s Scream – D – 11 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

32. Old Termite x Emerald Starburst – D – 5 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

33. Stella Eyed sdlg x Navajo Princess – D – 25 seeds (_x Sev)

34. Kermit’s Scream x Smoke Scream – D – 8 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

35. Reuther’s Brown Spider x unk – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x_)

36. Winter Vision x Quiet Wyatt – T – 8 seeds (Sev x Sev)

37. Jersey Spider x Tigereye Spider – D – 13 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

38. Reuther’s Brown Spider x Fleishel’s Black sdlg – D – 6 seeds (Dorm x_)

39. Stoplight x North Wind Dancer – D – 7 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

40. Voodoo Magic x tetra Lavender Baby Blue – T – 5 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

41. Stargate Portal x (Baby Blue Eyes x Substantial Evidence) – D – 12 seeds {(Dorm X (Sev x Dorm)}

42. Trahlyta x Fancy Face – D – 26 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

43. Lavender Baby Blue x Fancy Face – D – 15 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

44. Priscilla’s Rainbow x (Baby Blue Eye x Substantial Evidence) – D – 22 seeds {(Evg X (Sev x Dorm)}

45. Topgun’s Sunkist Delight x Clouds of White – D – 22 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

46. Clouds of White x All American Windmill – D – 27 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

47. Pastilline x Kermit’s Scream – D – 4 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

48. Beautiful Edgings x Kermit’s Scream – D – 16 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

49. Smoke Scream x Kermit’s Scream – D – 9 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

50. Cast Your Net x Facepaint – T – 11 seeds (Sev x Evg)

51. Orange Electric x Kingdom Border – T – 9 seeds (Evg x Evg)

52. Forever Redeemed x Mississippi Red Bed Beauty – T – 9 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

53. Pumpkin Prince x Rock Solid – T – 6 seeds (Evg x Dorm)

54. Levi Davis x Kingdom Border – T – 11 seeds (Evg x Evg)

55. Blueberry Lemonade x unk – T – 12 seeds (Sev x_)

56. Always Afternoon x Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – T – 21 seeds (Sev x Sev)

57. Leonard Bernstein x Larry Allen Miller – T – 18 seeds (Evg x Evg)

58. Always Afternoon x Hebrew Maiden – T – 21 seeds (Sev x Evg)

59. Tigerland x unk – T – 18 seeds (Sev x_)

60. El Desperado x Aztec Headdress – T – 17 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

61. El Desperado x Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – T – 7 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

62. Orange Electric x Dr. Jerrold Corbett – T – 6 seeds (Evg x Evg)

63. Border Music x unk – T – 9 seeds (Sev x_)

64. Aztec Headdress x Larry Allen Miller – T – 5 seeds (Sev x Evg)

65. Orange Electric x Levi Davis – T – 10 seeds (Evg x Evg)

66. Pumpkin Prince x unk – T – 11 seeds (Evg x_)

67. Passion in Paris x Rock Solid – T – 9 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

68. Wisest of Wizards x Dance Bojangles Dance – T – 6 seeds (Sev x Sev)

69. Piano Man x unk – T – 27 seeds (Evg x_)

70. Lies and Lipstick x Bohemia After Dark – T – 14 seeds (Sev x Sev)

71. Mexican Magic x Singular Sensation – T – 5 seeds (Sev x Sev)

72. Red Volunteer x Dance Bojangles Dance – T – 7 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

73. Always Afternoon x Dance Bojangles Dance – T – 10 seeds (Sev x Sev)

74. Lies and Lipstick x unk – T – 9 seeds (Sev x_)

75. Levi Davis x Junzi – T – 7 seeds (Evg x Evg)

76. Border Music x Levi Davis – T – 6 seeds (Sev x Evg)

77. Cherry Eyed Pumpkin x Painted Petroglyph – T – 16 seeds (Sev x Sev)

78. Always Afternoon x Special Candy – T – 12 seeds (Sev x Evg)

79. Topgun’s Sunkist Delight x Lily Munster – D – 15 seeds (Sev x Sev)

80. Clouds of White x Lily Munster – D – 20 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

81. Rosy Returns x Kermit’s Scream  - D – 9 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

82. Look Here Mary x Desert Icicle – D – 18 seeds (Sev x Sev)

83. Look Here Mary x Cheap Quills – D – 21 seeds (Sev x Sev)

84. Starsearch x Look Here Mary – D – 18 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

85. Hot Bronze x Sears Tower – T – 15 seeds (Evg x Dorm)

86. Firestorm x Look Here Mary – D – 15 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

87. Back To School x Challenger – D – 18 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

88. Strangeitude x Green Spill – D – 15 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

89. Texas Feathered Fancy x Cosmic Kaleidoscope – D – 7 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

90. Texas Feathered Fancy x Tanimbar Cockatoo – D – 4 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

91. Lavender Baby Blue x Tanimbar Cockatoo – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

92. Texas Feathered Fancy x Lavender Baby Blue – D – 15 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

93. Texas Feathered Fancy x Olaf The Conqueror – D – 7 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

94. Blueberry Breakfast x Cosmic Kaleidoscope – D – 8 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

95. Blueberry Breakfast x Texas Feathered Fancy – D – 7 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

96. Substantial Evidence x Crystal Blue Persuasion – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

97. Substantial Evidence x Kaleidoscope Intrigue – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

98. Ottis Leonard x Kermit’s Scream – D – 9 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

99. Sari x Kermit’s Scream – D – 17 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

100.      How’s The Weather Up There x Kermit’s Scream – D – 17 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

101.      Free Tibet x Pizza Crust – T – 8 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

102.      Facepaint x Oktoberfest – T – 4 seeds (Evg x Sev)

103.      Singular Sensation x In Search of Angels – T – 2 seeds (Sev x Sev)

104.      Facepaint x Sandra Hudson – T – 4 seeds (Evg x Evg)

105.      Hollywood and Vine x Oktoberfest – T – 4 seeds (_X Sev)

106.      Facepaint x Wren’s Song – T – 2 seeds (Evg x Dorm)

107.      Way Cool x JT Davis – T – 2 seeds (Evg x Evg)

108.      Roman ______ x Let Me Count The Way – T – 4 seeds (_x Sev)

109.      (John Peat x Scottish Fantasy) X unk – T – 15 seeds {(Sev x Sev) x_)

110.      Rock Solid x King of Angels – T – 4 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

111.      El Desperado x Open My Eyes – T – 3 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

112.      Forbidden Desire x Mercury of Gascone – T – 4 seeds (Sev x Evg)

113.      Riders of the Storm x Open My Eyes – T – 4 seeds (Sev x Evg)

114.      Red Volunteer x unk – T – 3 seeds (Dorm x_)

115.      Soft Summer Night x Lies and Lipstick – T – 4 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

116.      Pumpkin Prince x Forever Redeemed – T – 4 seeds (Evg x Dorm)

117.      Dr. Jerrold Corbett x unk – T – 5 seeds (Evg x_)

118.      Bold Tiger x Princess Diana – T – 2 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

119.      Songwriter x That Thing You Do – T – 4 seeds (Evg x Sev)

120.      Big Smile x Heavenly Angel Ice – D – 17 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

121.      Early Alibi x Greywoods Great Dana – D – 18 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

122.      Early Alibi x Tigereye Spider – D – 11 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

123.      Stargate Portal x Fancy Face – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

124.      Tooth x Bali Watercolor – T – 17 seeds (Evg x Evg)

125.      Connect The Dots x Windmaster – T – 19 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

126.      Do The Twist x Baughston Hornswaggler – T – 7 seeds (Sev x Sev)

127.      Firestorm x Forsyth Flying Dragon – D – 7 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

128.      Look Here Mary x V. T. Right Regal – D – 21 seeds (Sev x_)

129.      All American Windmill x Lily Munster – D – 6 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

130.      Topgun’s Sunkist Delight x All American Windmill – D – 10 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

131.      Texas Feathered Fancy x Rogenvoldersson – D – 4 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

132.      Chocolate Chip x Terry Lyninger – D – 11 seeds (Dorm x Evg)

133.      Chocolate Chip x Emerald Starburst – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

134.      Kermit’s Scream x Late To The Party – D – 8 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

135.      Gudrid x Baby Blue Eyes – D – 21 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

136.      Unk x Lights Of Valinor – D – 55 seeds (_x Dorm)

137.      Lights of Valinor x Lavender Baby Blue – D – 35 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

138.      Ice Carnival x Got No Goat – D – 16 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

139.      Ice Carnival x Orchid Corsage – D – 24 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

140.      Stella De Oro x Lillian’s Crazy Arms – D – 18 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

141.      Stella De Oro x Give Me Eight – D – 36 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

142.      Terry Lyninger x Fancy Face – D – 10 seeds (Evg x Evg)

143.      Early Alibi x Nina Nina Wolverina – D – 4 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

144.      Early Alibi x unk – D – 3 seeds (Dorm x_)

145.      Munson Red Seedling x Bali Watercolor – T – 14 seeds (_x Evg)

146.      Seti x Windmaster – T – 7 seed (Sev x Sev)

147.      Magic of Oz x Heavenly Pink Butterfly – D – 25 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

148.      How’s The Weather Up There x Feminine Fingers – D – 13 seeds (Sev x Sev)

149.      Pendergriff Lavender Gingham x Rose F. Kennedy – D – 26 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

150.      Feminine Fingers x Kermit’s Scream – D – 23 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

151.      Mahieu sdlg 1 x Lily Munster – D – 12 seeds (_x Sev)

152.      Radiant Moonbeam x Lily Munster – D – 13 seeds (Sev x Sev)

153.      Memories of Oz x Lily Munster – D – 11 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

154.      Dad’s Best White x Tigereye Spider – D – 13 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

155.      George Jets On x Noorland – D – 12 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

156.      Sdlg Q4z/Ara x Morning Chatter - T – 20 seeds (_x_)

157.      Go With The Flow x Stargate Portal – D – 8 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

158.      Lavender Baby Blue x Heavenly Pink Butterfly – D – 25 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

159.      Old Termite x Ottis Leonard – D – 11 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

160.      Cute As Can Be x Rose F. Kennedy – D – 13 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

161.      Peacock Maiden x Jellyfish Jealousy – D – 9 seeds (Evg x Dorm)

162.      Flutterbye x Peacock Alley – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

163.      Pink Stripe x Volcan Fuego – D – 30 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

164.      Grey Witch x Lily Munster – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

165.      George Jets On x Stir Crazy – D – 11 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

166.      Early Alibi x Ghost Ranch – D – 16 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

167.      Jack Sprat x Jellyfish Jealousy – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

168.      Stella De Oro x Lillian’s Crazy Arms – D – 29 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

169.      Beautiful Edgings x Fuchsia Four – D – 14 seeds (Sev x Sev)

170.      Parfait x Fuchsia Four – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

171.      Alberene x Shuffle The Deck – D – 29 seeds (Sev x Sev)

172.      Smoke Scream x Lily Munster – D – 27 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

173.      Black Arrowhead x Shuffle The Deck – D – 36 seeds (Sev x Sev)

174.      Beautiful Edgings x Malachite Prism – D – 25 seeds (Sev x Sev)

175.      Rosabelle Von Valkenburgh x Clairvoyant Lady – D – 3 seeds (Sev x Sev)

176.      Angel Rodgers x Heavenly Pink Butterfly – D – 3 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

177.      Entrapment x Ottis Leonard – D – 9 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

178.      Early Alibi x Stir Crazy – D – 14 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

179.      Beautiful Edgings x Pink Stripe – D – 40 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

180.      Smoke Scream x Peppermint Ice – D – 15 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

181.      (Wisteria x North Wind Dancer) x unk – D – 15 seeds {(Evg x Dorm) x_)}

182.      Corrugated sdlg x Stir Crazy – D – 1 seed (_x Sev)

183.      Jocelyn’s Oddity x Lily Munster – D – 19 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

184.      (Yazoo Wild Violet x Ya Ya Girl) X Lily Munster – D – 14 seeds {(Sev x Sev) X Sev)}

185.      Jack Sprat x Liquid Memory – D – 18 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

186.      Radiant Moonbeam x Cote D’Azur – D – 16 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

187.      Flutterbye x Greywoods Great Dana – D – 12 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

188.      Sanibel Shoals x Lily Munster – D – 12 seeds (Sev x Sev)

189.      Seti x Connect The Dots – T – 3 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

190.      Moonlit Caress x Twisted Sister – T – 10 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

191.      Swiss Mint x Green Spill – D – 6 seeds (none fertile)

192.      (Sdlg x Trahlyta) x unk – D – 10 seeds {(_x Dorm) X_)}

193.      Siloam Double Classic x Pink Stripe – D – 4 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

194.      Joan Senior x Lillian’s Crazy Arm – D – 12 seeds (Evg x Sev)

195.      Ice Carnival x Fuchsia Four – D – 28 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

196.      Thorhalla x Got No Goat – D – 5 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

197.      Special Invitation x Mad Jacky – D – 12 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

198.      Cast A Spell x Flutterbye – D – 19 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

199.      Yazoo Wild Violet x Tornado Alley – D – 9 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

200.      (Indian Giver x Pink Super Spider) X Peppermint Ice – D – 15 seeds {(Sev x Sev) X Sev)}

201.      Grey Witch x Stir Crazy – D – 5 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

202.      (John’s Heritage x Grey Witch) X Stir Crazy – D – 8 seeds {(Dorm x Dorm) X Sev)}

203.      Grey Witch x Peppermint Ice – D – 13 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

204.      Violet Explosion x unk – D – 2 seeds (Dorm x_)

205.      Yazoo Wild Violet x unk – D – 21 seeds (Sev x_)

206.      Ribbonette x Noorland – D – 4 seeds (_x Dorm)

207.      (Indian Giver x Pink Super Spider) X Mythperception – D – 9 seeds {(Sev x Sev) X Dorm)}

208.      (Huben) MH0315Z x MH0807V – D – 31 seeds (near white Re – complex combinations of many interesting introductions and seedlings.)

209.      Masked Bandit x Ida Mae Norris – D – 3 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

210.      Frequent Flyer x ESP – D – 65 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

211.      Substantial Evidence x Siloam Golden Gate – D – 20 seeds (Dorm x Dorm)

212.      Poinsettia x MH0874M (Registered as Way Up There) – D – 115 seeds (tall/small red)

213.      ESP X Winter Wonderland – D – 25 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

214.      Early and Often x MH0735X (Army of Darkness) – D – 68 seeds (rebloom – drk scps) (Dorm x_)

215.      (Huben) MH0868F x MH0874M (Way Up There) – D – 19 seeds (tall/small red)

216.      (Huben) MH0519L X MH0315Z (pink re)

217.      (Huben) MH0422F x MH0519L – D – 17 seeds (pink rebloom)

218.      (Huben) MH0874M (Way Up There) x MH0875B – D – 22 seeds (tall/small red)

219.      Happy Returns x Lillian’s Crazy Arms – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

220.      Nanuq x Dune Needlepoint – D – 8 seeds (Sev x Dorm)

221.      Firestorm x Give Me Eight – D – 10 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

222.      Beautiful Edgings x Got No Goat – D – 20 seeds (Sev x Sev)

223.      Corolla Light x Give Me Eight – D – 30 seeds (Dorm x Sev)

Total = 3455 (approx.)

I have accessed very few seeds after this group. In fall 2011/winter 2012, I accessed a few seeds from Linda Michaels and Nina Lapierre, and in both spring 2013 and spring 2015 Mike Huben generously shared more seeds of his program from the previous summers with me. However, my own seed production has been prodigious each year since 2011 and I have had little need to add further seed accessions, focusing rather on my own breeding program.